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Hydrology

The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.

Hydrolysis

A chemical process causing the splitting of a chemical bond by the addition of the elements of water. Where the bond which is split is not part of a ring structure, this process causes formation of two compounds from one compound plus water, as in the hydrolysis of the ester bonds of fats during saponification.

Hydrolytic

Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.

Hydromagnesite

A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous masses.

Hydromancy

Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.

Hydromechanics

That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.

Hydromedusa

Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed medus/.

Hydromel

A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.

Hydrometallurgical

Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores.

Hydrometallurgy

The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.

Hydrometeor

A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc.

Hydrometeorology

That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.

Hydrometer

An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

Hydrometrograph

An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

Hydrometry

The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

Hydromica

A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.

Hydronephrosis

An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

Hydropathist

One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.

Hydropathy

The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.

Hydrophane

A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.

Hydrophid

Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.

Hydrophlorone

A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.

Hydrophobia

An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: A viral disease trransmitted by a bite from, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and constriction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness.

Hydrophobic

Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

Hydrophore

An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

Hydrophyllium

One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.

Hydropiper

A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

Hydroplane

Of a boat, to move through water while supported by hydroplanes{3} (see hydroplane{3}, above).

Hydropneumatic

Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.

Hydropult

A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.

Hydroquinone

A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.

Hydrorhiza

The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See Illust. under Hydroidea.

Hydrosalt

A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. An acid salt. A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.

Hydroscope

An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air.

Hydrosoma Hydrosome

All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.

Hydrosorbic

Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.

Hydrostat

A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.

Hydrostatical Hydrostatic

Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.

Hydrostatics

The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.

Hydrosulphide

One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.

Hydrosulphite

A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base.

Hydrosulphuric

Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.

Hydrosulphurous

Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous.

Hydrotellurate

A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.

Hydrotelluric

Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.

Hydrotheca

One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

Hydrothermal

Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.

Hydrothorax

An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

Hydrotic

Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. A hydrotic medicine.

Hydrotrope

A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.

Hydrotropic

Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.

Hydroxide

A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

Hydroxyl

A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

Hydroxylamine

A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.

hydroxymethyl

a methyl radical with a hydroxyl group replacing one of the hydrogen atoms.

hydroxyproline

A crystalline amino acid (C5H9NO3), a hydroxylated proline, obtained by hydrolysis of gelatin or collagen. Chemically it is 4-hydroxy-L-proline. It is classified as nonessential for growth in rats.

Hydrozoa

The Acaleph/; one of the classes of c/lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

Hydruret

A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride.

Hydrus

A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole.

Hyemal

Belonging to winter; done in winter.

Hyemation

The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.

Hyena

Any carnivorous mammal of the family Hy/nid/, doglike nocturnal mammals of Africa and southern Asia, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits.

Hyetal

Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.

Hyetograph

A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.

Hyetography

The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.

Hyetology

The science which treats of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.

Hygeia

The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.

Hygeian

Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.

Hygeist

One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

Hygiene

That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

Hygienic

Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.

Hygiology

A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health.

Hygrine

An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

Hygrodeik

A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.

Hygrograph

An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.

Hygrology

The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

Hygrometer

An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.

Hygrometrical Hygrometric

Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

Hygrometry

That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

Hygrophanous

Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

Hygrophthalmic

Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.

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