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Nuclear physics

That branch of physics which studies the structure of and phenomena observed in atomic nuclei.

nuclear power

Power derived from nuclear reactions; -- used at present especially of electrical power generated in atomic reactors, but encompassing also fusion power.

nuclear reaction

A process that alters the energy or structure or composition of an atomic nucleus.

nuclear reactor

Any of several devices that maintain and control a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction, for the production of energy, heat, or artificial elements, or for research purposes. The main fuel sustaining the reaction and consumed by the process is typically uranium or plutonium.

nuclear resonance

The resonance absorption of a gamma ray by a nucleus identical to the nucleus that emitted the gamma ray.

nuclear war

A war in which nuclear weapons are used by both sides. As generally used, the term assumes major use of nuclear weapons by at least two opposing warring states. As of 1999, no nuclear war has occurred.

nuclear warhead

The warhead of a missile containing an atom bomb or hydrogen bomb.

Nuclear weapon

A weapon of great explosive power, such as an atomic bomb or a hydrogen bomb, which depends for most of its explosive power on the release of energy from within atomic nuclei by a nuclear reaction. A fission weapon or a fusion weapon. The term includes atomic shells for cannon.

nuclear winter

a hypothetical lowering of global temperature postulated as the aftermath of a full nuclear war. The mechanism of such an effect depends primarily on the injection into the atmosphere of small solid particles, as soot from burning forests, which reflect sunlight and cause a reduction in solar energy retained by the earth.

nuclear-powered ship

A ship for which the motive power comes from the energy generated by a nuclear reactor.

nuclear-powered submarine

A submarine for which the motive power comes from the energy generated by a nuclear reactor. Same as nuclear submarine.

Nucleate

To gather, as about a nucleus or center.

nucleate

To form into a nucleus or multiple nuclei; as, raindrops may nucleate around silver iodide crystals.

Nucleated

Having a nucleus; nucleate; as, nucleated cells.

nucleic acid

A natural or synthetic polymer consisting of chains of ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide units.

Nuclein

A constituent of the nuclei of all cells, containing protein and nucleic acid. It is a colorless amorphous substance, readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially characterized by its comparatively large content of phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur.

Nucleobranch

Belonging to the Nucleobranchiata. One of the Nucleobranchiata.

Nucleolar

Of or pertaining to the nucleolus of a cell.

Nucleole

The nucleus within a nucleus; nucleolus.

nucleon

A neutron or proton, when contained within an atomic nucleus.

nucleon number

The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus.

Nucleoplasm

The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of the nucleus; karyoplasma.

Nucleoplasmic

Of or pertaining to nucleoplasm; -- esp. applied to a body formed in the developing ovum from the plasma of the nucleus of the germinal vesicle.

nucleoside

A type of molecule found in all living organisms, present mostly in chemically combined form as a component of nucleic acids, and also in smaller amounts in free form, consisting of a pentose sugar bound to a purine or pyrimidine base; two types of nucleoside, ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside, are present. The most common bases present in nucleosides are adenine, cytosine, uracil, guanine, and thymine, and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine and other bases are found. The most commmon ribonucleosides composed from these bases are called adenosine, cytidine, uridine, and guanosine. The forms esterified with orthophosphoric at the 5-position of the pentose are called nucleotides. The nucleotides form the monomer units which are combined into DNA and RNA, which carry the genetic information required for reproduction in all known organisms.

nucleotide

a phosphate ester of a nucleoside; one of the monomeric components of DNA or RNA.

Nucula

A genus of small marine bivalve shells, having a pearly interior.

Nudation

The act of stripping, or making bare or naked.

Nuddle

To walk quickly with the head bent forward; -- often with along.

Nude

Bare; naked; unclothed; undraped; as, a nude statue.

Nudge

A gentle push, or jog, as with the elbow.

Nudibranch

Of or pertaining to the Nudibranchiata. One of the Nudibranchiata.

Nudibranchiata

A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks, having no shell except while very young. The gills are naked and situated upon the back or sides. See Ceratobranchia.

Nudity

The quality or state of being nude; nakedness.

nudnik

a pestiferous boring and dull person.

Nugacity

Futility; trifling talk or behavior; drollery.

Nugation

The act or practice of trifling.

Nugatory

Trifling; vain; futile; insignificant.

Nugget

A lump; a mass, esp. a native lump of a precious metal; as, a nugget of gold.

Nugify

To render trifling or futile; to make silly.

Nuisance

That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or noxious.

Nul

No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort.

Null

One of the beads in nulled work.

Nullah

A water course, esp. a dry one; a gully; a gorge; -- orig. an East Indian term.

Nulled

Turned so as to resemble nulls.

Nullibiety

The state or condition of being nowhere.

Nullification

The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no legal effect.

Nullifier

One who nullifies or makes void; one who maintains the right to nullify a contract by one of the parties.

Nullify

To make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or efficacy.

Nullipore

A name for certain crustaceous marine algae which secrete carbonate of lime on their surface, and were formerly thought to be of animal nature. They are now considered corallines of the genera Melobesia and Lithothamnion.

Numb

To make numb; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion; to render senseless or inert; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy.

Number

That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things expressible by figures.

Numbers

pl. of Number. The fourth book of the Pentateuch, containing the census of the Hebrews.

Numbfish

The torpedo, which numbs by the electric shocks which it gives.

Numbness

The condition of being numb; that state of a living body in which it loses, wholly or in part, the power of feeling or motion.

numdah

an embroidered rug made from a coarse Indian felt.

Numenius

A genus of birds comprising certain of the curlews.

Numerable

Capable of being numbered or counted.

numeracy

skill with numbers and mathematics; -- the skill with numbers analogous to literacy, the skill of reading.

Numeral

A figure or character used to express a number; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman numerals, I, V, X, L, etc.

Numerally

According to number; in number; numerically.

Numerary

Belonging to a certain number; counting as one of a collection or body.

Numerate

To divide off and read according to the rules of numeration; as, to numerate a row of figures.

Numerative

Of or pertaining to numeration; as, a numerative system.

Numeric

Any number, proper or improper fraction, or incommensurable ratio. The term also includes any imaginary expression like m + n/-1, where m and n are real numerics.

Numerically

In a numerical manner; in numbers; with respect to number, or sameness in number; as, a thing is numerically the same, or numerically different.

Numero

Number; -- often abbrev. No.

Numerosity

The state of being numerous; numerousness.

Numerous

Consisting of a great number of units or individual objects; being many; as, a numerous army; numerous objections.

Numidian

Of or pertaining to ancient Numidia in Northern Africa.

Numidinae Numididae

A subfamily of birds including the guinea fowl and related birds of Africa and Madagascar.

numinous

Evincing the presence of a deity; as, a numinous wood; the most numinous moment in the Mass.

Numismatist

One skilled in numismatics; a numismatologist.

Numismatology

The science which treats of coins and medals, in their relation to history; numismatics.

Nummary

Of or relating to coins or money.

Nummulation

The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the microscope.

Nummulite

A fossil of the genus Nummulites and allied genera.

Nummulites

A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat, round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged spirally.

Nummulitic

Of, like, composed of, containing, nummulites; as, nummulitic beds.

Numps

A dolt; a blockhead.

Numskull

A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow.

nun

The 25th letter of the Arabic alphabet, corresponding in pronunciation to n.

Nunatak

In Greenland, an insular hill or mountain surrounded by an ice sheet.

Nunchion

A portion of food taken at or after noon, usually between full meals; a luncheon.

Nunciate

One who announces; a messenger; a nuncio.

Nuncius

A messenger. The information communicated.

Nuncupate

To declare publicly or solemnly; to proclaim formally.

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