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Pendulous

Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging.

Pendulousness

The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.

Pendulum

A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.

Peneidae

A natural family of tropical prawns.

Penelope

A genus of curassows, including the guans.

Peneplain

A land surface reduced by erosion to the general condition of a plain, but not wholly devoid of hills; a base-level plain.

Penetrability

The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.

Penetrable

Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.

Penetralia

The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or palace.

Penetrancy Penetrance

The quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power or quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.

Penetrant

Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, penetrant cold.

Penetrate

To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively.

Penetrating

Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.

Penetration

The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.

Penetrative

Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun.

Penguin

Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under Jackass.

Penguinery

A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.

Penicil

A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.

Penicillamine

A substance (C5H11NO2S) which is a degradation product of the penicillins. Chemically it is 3-mercapto-D-valine. It has chelating properties and is used in medicine as an antirheumatic and to chelate copper in cases of hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease).

Penicillate

Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.

penicillin

Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply /penicillin/.

Penicillinase

An enzyme which destroys the antibacterial activity of penicillin by hydrolyzing the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Many penicillinases are known, and are produced by a wide variety of bacteria. The production of penicillinase is one of the mechanisms by which bacteria may become resistant to penicillins. Penicillinase production in various bacterial species may be induced, i.e., it may occur only when stimulated by the presence of penicillin in the culture medium, or it may be constitutive, i.e., it may occur whenever the cells are producing protein. Molecular weights of the various penicillinases tend to cluster near 50,000.

Peninsula

A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.

Peninsular

Of or pertaining to a peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular war.

Penis

The erectile external sexual organ of males, used in copulation, and in mammals, also for urination.

Penitence

The quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition.

Penitencer

A priest who heard confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases.

Penitent

One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.

Penitential

A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also penitential book.

Penitentiary

One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance.

Penk

A minnow. See Pink, n., 4.

Penknife

A small pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.

penlight

A small flashlight resembling a fountain pen, often having a clip to permit firm attachment to a pocket.

Penman

One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.

Penmanship

The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.

Penna

A perfect, or normal, feather.

Pennach

A bunch of feathers; a plume.

Pennant

A small flag; a pennon. The narrow pennant, or long pennant (called also whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel. A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.

Pennatula

Any one of numerous species of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.

Pennatulacea

A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See Pennatula, and Illust. under Alcyonaria.

Penniform

Having the form of a feather or plume.

Penniless

Destitute of money; impecunious; poor.

Pennon

A pennant; a flag or streamer.

Pennsylvanian

The geological period from 280 million to 310 million years ago; -- it was characterized by a warm climate and abundance of swampy land.

Penny

Worth or costing one penny; as, penny candy.

Penny-a-liner

One who furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer.

penny-pinching

Scrimping; reluctant to spend money; stingy; miserly; same as cheesparing.

penny-wise

Thrifty in small matters only. Used mostly in the phrase penny-wise and pound foolish.

pennycress

Any of several plants of the genus Thlaspi; see penny cress.

Pennyroyal

An aromatic herb (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) resembling it in flavor.

Pennyweight

A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of a troy ounce; 1.555 grams; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic. It is abbreviated dwt or pwt. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.

Pennywort

A European trailing herb (Linaria Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in hanging baskets.

Pennyworth

A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny.

Penologist

One versed in, or a student of, penology.

Penology

The science or art of punishment.

Pens

pl. of Penny; pence.

Pensile

Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous.

Pensileness

State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.

Pension

To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by off; as, to pension off a servant.

pensionable

Entitled to receive a pension; as, a pensionable employee.

Pensionary

One who receives a pension; a pensioner.

Pensioner

One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.

Pensive

Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.

Pensiveness

The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness; seriousness.

Penstemon

A large genus of subshrubs or herbs having showy blue or purple or red or yellow or white flowers; found mostly in Western North America.

Penstock

A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.

Pent

Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up.

pent-

Same as penta-; -- used as a combining form before vowels, as in pentoxide.

Penta-

A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.

Pentabasic

Capable of uniting with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.

Pentachenium

A dry fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at maturity.

Pentachloride

A chloride having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentachloride.

Pentachord

An ancient instrument of music with five strings.

Pentacid

Capable of neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of certain complex bases.

Pentacle

A five-pointed star, also called a pentagram or pentalpha. See illustr. under pentalpha. Sometimes referring to a similar figure, such as the figure composed of two equilateral triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star. It was used in early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages. The six-pointed star is more comonly called a hexagram, or called Solomon's seal; it resembles the star of David (Magen David)

Pentacoccous

Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.

Pentacrinin

A red and purple pigment found in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.

Pentacrinoid

An immature comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a Pentacrinus.

Pentacrinus

A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.

Pentacron

A solid having five summits or angular points.

Pentacrostic

A set of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different parts from top to bottom.

Pentad

Having the valence of a pentad.

Pentadactyloid

Having the form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.

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