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Backstair Backstairs

Private; indirect; secret; conducted with secrecy; intriguing; -- as if finding access by the back stairs; as, backstairs gossip.

Backstay

A rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a ship, slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast.

Backstitch

To sew with backstitches; as, to backstitch a seam.

Backstop

In baseball, a fence, prop. at least 90 feet behind the home base, to stop the balls that pass the catcher; also, the catcher himself.

backstroke

a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back. It is usually executed with backward-moving circular arm strokes and a flutter kick.

backswept

aligned from front to back; slanted toward the back; -- used of hair.

backswimmer

any of numerous predaceous aquatic insects of the family Notonectidae (such as Notonecta undulata) that swim on their backs and may inflict painful bites; -- also called boat bug.

backup

anything kept in reserve to serve as a substitute in case of failure or unavailability of the normal or primary object; -- used for devices, plans, people, etc. Also used attributively; as, there was no backup for the electrical supply; a backup motor; a backup generator.

Backwardation

The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See Contango.

backwash

The flow of water propelled backward by the propeller, paddle wheel, or oars of a boat.

Backwater

Water turned back in its course by an obstruction, an opposing current, or the flow of the tide, as in a sewer or river channel, or across a river bar.

Backwoods

The forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.

Backwoodsman

A man living in the forest in or beyond the new settlements, especially on the western frontiers of the United States in former times.

Backworm

A disease of hawks. See Filanders.

Bacon

The back and sides of a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the flesh of a pig salted or fresh.

Baconian

One who adheres to the philosophy of Lord Bacon.

Bacterial

Of, pertaining to, or caused by bacteria.

bacteriemia

The presence of bacteria in the blood; same as bacteremia.

Bacteriological

Of or pertaining to bacteriology; as, bacteriological studies.

Bacteriology

The branch of microbiology relating to bacteria.

Bacteriolysis

Chemical decomposition brought about by bacteria without the addition of oxygen.

bacteriophage

a virus which infects bacteria; -- also colloquially called phage in laboratory jargon.

Bacterioscopic

Relating to bacterioscopy; as, a bacterioscopic examination.

Bacterioscopy

The application of a knowledge of bacteria for their detection and identification, as in the examination of polluted water.

bacteriostasis

inhibition of the growth of bacteria, without outright killing of the organism.

bacteriostat

a chemical or biological material that inhibits bacterial growth.

bacterise

to subject to the action of bacteria.

Bacterium

A microscopic single-celled organism having no distinguishable nucleus, belonging to the kingdom Monera. Bacteria have varying shapes, usually taking the form of a jointed rodlike filament, or a small sphere, but also in certain cases having a branched form. Bacteria are destitute of chlorophyll, but in those members of the phylum Cyanophyta (the blue-green algae) other light-absorbing pigments are present. They are the smallest of microscopic organisms which have their own metabolic processes carried on within cell membranes, viruses being smaller but not capable of living freely. The bacteria are very widely diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous rapidity, both by fission and by spores. Bacteria may require oxygen for their energy-producing metabolism, and these are called aerobes; or may multiply in the absence of oxygen, these forms being anaerobes. Certain species are active agents in fermentation, while others appear to be the cause of certain infectious diseases. The branch of science with studies bacteria is bacteriology, being a division of microbiology. See Bacillus.

bacterize

to subject to the action of bacteria.

Bactrian

Of or pertaining to Bactria in Asia. A native of Bactria.

Baculine

Of or pertaining to the rod or punishment with the rod.

Baculite

A cephalopod of the extinct genus Baculites, found fossil in the Cretaceous rocks. It is like an uncoiled ammonite.

Baculometry

Measurement of distance or altitude by a staff or staffs.

Bad

Wanting good qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective, either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked; -- the opposite of good; as, a bad man; bad conduct; bad habits; bad soil; bad air; bad health; a bad crop; bad news.

Badaud

A person given to idle observation of everything, with wonder or astonishment; a credulous or gossipy idler.

Badderlocks

A large black seaweed (Alaria esculenta) sometimes eaten in Europe; -- also called murlins, honeyware, and henware.

Badge

To mark or distinguish with a badge.

Badger

To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to worry or irritate persistently.

Badger-legged

Having legs of unequal length, as the badger was thought to have.

Badiaga

A fresh-water sponge (Spongilla), common in the north of Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks of bruises.

Badian

An evergreen Chinese shrub of the Magnolia family (Illicium anisatum), and its aromatic seeds; Chinese anise; star anise.

Badigeon

A cement or distemper paste (as of plaster and powdered freestone, or of sawdust and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and workers in wood or stone, to fill holes, cover defects, finish a surface, etc.

Badly

In a bad manner; poorly; not well; unskillfully; imperfectly; unfortunately; grievously; so as to cause harm; disagreeably; seriously.

Badminton

A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with shuttlecocks.

Baenomere

One of the somites (arthromeres) that make up the thorax of Arthropods.

Baenopod

One of the thoracic legs of Arthropods.

Baetulus

A meteorite, or similar rude stone artificially shaped, held sacred or worshiped as of divine origin.

Baff

To strike; to beat; to make a baff.

Baffle

A defeat by artifice, shifts, and turns; discomfiture.

Bafflement

The process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration; check.

Baffler

One who, or that which, baffles.

Baffling

Frustrating; discomfiting; disconcerting; as, baffling currents, winds, tasks.

Baffy

A short wooden club having a deeply concave face, seldom used.

Bafta

A coarse stuff, usually of cotton, originally made in India. Also, an imitation of this fabric made for export.

Bag

To swell or hang down like a full bag; as, the skin bags from containing morbid matter.

Bag lady

a homeless woman who carries all her possessions with her in bags.

Bag net

A bag-shaped net for catching fish.

Bagasse

Sugar cane, as it comes crushed from the mill. It is then dried and used as fuel. Also extended to the refuse of beetroot sugar.

bagel

a glazed leavened doughnut-shaped roll with a hard crust.

bagful

The quantity that a bag will hold; as, he ate a bagful of popcorn.

baggage

The clothes, tents, utensils, and provisions of an army.

Baggager

One who takes care of baggage; a camp follower.

Baggala

A two-masted Arab or Indian trading vessel, used in the Indian Ocean.

Bagging

Reaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping stroke.

Baggy

Resembling a bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag; flabby; as, baggy trousers; baggy cheeks.

Baghdad

The capital city of Iraq. Population (2000) = nk.

Bagman

A commercial traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and tradesmen.

Bagnio

A house for bathing, sweating, etc.; -- also, in Turkey, a prison for slaves.

Bagpipe

To make to look like a bagpipe.

Bagpiper

One who plays on a bagpipe; a piper.

Bagreef

The lower reef of fore and aft sails; also, the upper reef of topsails.

Bague

The annular molding or group of moldings dividing a long shaft or clustered column into two or more parts.

Bagwig

A wig, in use in the 18th century, with the hair at the back of the head in a bag.

Bagworm

One of several lepidopterous insects which construct, in the larval state, a baglike case which they carry about for protection. One species (Plat/ceticus Gloveri) feeds on the orange tree. See Basket worm.

Bah

An exclamation expressive of extreme contempt.

Bahai

A member of the sect of the Babis consisting of the adherents of Baha (Mirza Husain Ali, entitled /Baha 'u 'llah,/ or, /the Splendor of God/), the elder half brother of Mirza Yahya of Nur, who succeeded the Bab as the head of the Babists. Baha in 1863 declared himself the supreme prophet of the sect, and became its recognized head. There are upwards of 20,000 Bahais in the United States.

Bahaism

The religious tenets or practices of the Bahais.

Bahar

A weight used in certain parts of the East Indies, varying considerably in different localities, the range being from 223 to 625 pounds.

Bahaudur Bahadur

A title of respect or honor given to European officers in East Indian state papers, and colloquially, and among the natives, to distinguished officials and other important personages.

Bahrain

an island in the Persian Gulf.

Bahraini

of or pertaining to Bahrain (definition 2).

Bahrein

an island in the Persian Gulf; same as Bahrain.

Bahreini

a native or inhabitant of Bahrain.

Baic Bai

a language spoken in the Dali region of Yunnan.

Baignoire

A box of the lowest tier in a theater.

Bail

A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense.

Bailable

Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail, upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons.

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