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Circumstance

To place in a particular situation; to supply relative incidents.

Circumstanced

Placed in a particular position or condition; situated.

Circumstantial

Something incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed to an essential; -- generally in the plural; as, the circumstantials of religion.

Circumstantiality

The state, characteristic, or quality of being circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail.

Circumvallation

The act of surrounding with a wall or rampart. A line of field works made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from without.

Circumvection

The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being so carried.

Circumvent

To gain advantage over by arts, stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get around.

Circumvention

The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture; delusion.

Circumventive

Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices; deluding.

Circumventor

One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by cunning.

Circumvest

To cover round, as with a garment; to invest.

cirio

the candlewood of Mexico and couthwestern California (Idria columnaris or Fouquieria columnaris), having tall columnar stems and bearing honey-scented creamy yellow flowers; -- called also the boojum tree.

Cirrate

Having cirri along the margin of a part or organ.

Cirrhosis

A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease in the proper substance of the organ.

Cirrhotic

Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as, cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.

Cirriform

Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of both animals and plants.

Cirrigerous

Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike appendages.

Cirrigrade

Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.

Cirripedia

An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See Anatifa.

Cirrobranchiata

A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.

Cirrose

Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf. Resembling a tendril or cirrus.

Cirrostomi

The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See Amphioxus.

Cirsocele

The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.

Cirsotomy

Any operation for the removal of varices by incision.

Cisalpine

On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.

Cisatlantic

On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer.

Cisco

The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to Coregonus Hoyi, a related species of Lake Michigan.

Ciselure

The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased.

Cisleithan

On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.

Cismontane

On this side of the mountains. See under Ultramontane.

Cispadane

On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south side.

Cissoid

A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle, and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight lines.

Cisted

Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted.

Cistercian

A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at C/teaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. Of or pertaining to the Cistercians.

Cistern

An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.

Cistus

a genus of small to medium-sized evergreen shrubs of southern Europe and northern Africa.

Cit

A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously.

Citadel

A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense.

Cital

Summons to appear, as before a judge.

Citation

An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such summons or notice.

Citatory

Having the power or form of a citation; as, letters citatory.

Cite

To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon.

Cithara

An ancient stringed musical instrument resembling the harp.

cither

a musical instrument resembling a harp with strings stretch over a flat sounding box; the zither. It is played with a plectrum and with fingers.

Citicism

The manners of a cit or citizen.

Citied

Belonging to, or resembling, a city.

Citified

Aping, or having, the manners of a city.

Citigradae

A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and their allies, which capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See Wolf spider.

Citigrade

Pertaining to the Citigrad/. One of the Citigrad/.

Citiner

One who is born or bred in a city; a citizen.

Citizen

Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a citizen soldiery.

citizens' band

that portion of the radio frequency spectrum allocated by the FCC for the use of individual citizens for short-distance personal or business use, from either fixed or mobile stations. Abreviated CB. Called also Citizens Radio Service.

Citizenship

The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.

Citole

A musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer.

Citraconic

Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.

Citrange

A citrous fruit produced by a cross between the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata). It is more acid and has a more pronounced aroma than the orange; the tree is hardier. There are several varieties.

Citric

Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as, citric acid.

citrin

a vitamin that maintains the resistance of cell and capillary walls to permeation; -- called also vitamin P.

Citrination

The process by which anything becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a deep yellow color.

Citrine

A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.

Citron

A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic; it is produced by the citron tree (Citrus medica). The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce. The fruit was once called the lime.

Citroncirus

a cross between Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata.

citrous

of or pertaining to a citrus tree; as, a citrous disease.

citrulline

an amino acid that is an intermediate in the conversion of ornithine to arginine.

Citrullus

a genus of vines including the watermelons (Citrullus lanata).

Citrus

A genus of trees including the orange, lemon, lime, tangerine, citron, grapefruit, etc., originally natives of southern Asia.

Cittern

An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill or plectrum.

Cittern-head

Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a cittern usually ended with a carved head.

City

Of or pertaining to a city.

citywide

including or occurring in all parts of a city; as, citywide bussing; a citywide strike.

Civet

To scent or perfume with civet.

Civic

Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a member of society, or to civil affairs.

Civicism

The principle of civil government.

Civics

The science of civil government.

civies

civilian garb as opposed to a military uniform.

Civil

Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state.

civil-libertarian

a person having or showing active concern for protection of civil liberties protected by law.

Civility

The state of society in which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of civilization.

Civilization

The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture; refinement.

Civilize

To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.

Civilized

Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated.

Civilizer

One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.

Civily

In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.

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